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Information technologies
(SMS) text messaging service IS a component of phone, web, or mobile communication systems, communications protocols using Standardized That allow the exchange of short text messages Between fixed line or mobile phone devices. SMS text Short Message Service messaging IS The Most Widely Used data application in the world, with 2.4 billion active users, or 74% of all mobile phone Subscribers. [Citation needed] The term SMS IS Used as a synonym for all kinds of short text messaging as well Itself as the user activity in Many Parts of the world. SMS est aussi Being Used as a form of direct marketing Known as SMS marketing. [1] Used as SMS on modern handsets WAS Originated from Radio Telegraphy in radio phone memo pagers using Standardized protocols and later Defined as share of the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) series of standards in 1985 [2] as a Means of Sending messages of up to 160 characters, [3] to and from GSM mobile handsets. [4] Since then, support for the service expanded to include hAS Other mobile technologies Such as ANSI CDMA networks and Digital AMPS, as well as satellite and landline networks. [citation needed] Most SMS messages are mobile-to-mobile text messages though the standard supports Other kinds of broadcast messaging as well.
nitially conceptSMS messages monthly feels in United States (one billion)
The Idea of Adding text messaging to the services of mobile users Was Not frequent in Many Communities of mobile communication services at the Beginning of the 1980s. The first action plan of the CEPT GSM Group, Approved in December 1982, requested "The services and facilities Offered in the Public Switched Telephone Network and public data networks ... Should Be available in the mobile system." [5] This target includes the exchange of text messages Either Directly Between mobile stations, or via Transmitted Message Handling Systems Widely in use Since The Beginning of the 1980s [6].
The SMS concept WAS Developed in the Franco-Germanic GSM cooperation in 1984 by Friedhelm Hillebrand and Bernard Ghillebaert. [7] The innovation in SMS is short. The IS optimized for mobile telephony, Since This Was Identified as STC hand application. The key idea for WAS to use this SMS-optimized telephony system, and to transport signaling messages on the paths needed to control the telephony traffic DURING Time Period When no signaling traffic Existed. In this way, unused resources in the system Could Be Used to transport messages at minimal cost. However, It Was Necessary to limit the length of the messages to 128 bytes (later Improved to 140 bytes, or 160 seven-bit characters) so the messages That Could did Into the Existing signaling formats.
This concept SMS Allowed To Be Implemented In Every mobile station by updating software icts. This instrumental concept for the WAS implementation of SMS in Every mobile station ever Produced in Every network and from early days. Hence, a large base of terminals and networks can SMS Existed When The users Began to Utilize the SMS. [8] A new network element required Specialized Was a short message service center, and enhancements to the radio Were required network capacity and transport infrastructure to Accommodate Growing SMS traffic.[Edit] Early development
The technical development of SMS Was a multinational collaboration Supporting the Framework of Standards Bodies, Through These organisms and the technology available to Freely Was Made The Whole World. This is Supported by evidence and Described in the Following sections [9].
The first Proposal Which Initiated the development of SMS Was Made by a contribution of France and Germany Into the GSM group meeting in Oslo in February 1985. [10] This Proposal WAS Further elaborated in GSM WP1 Services Subgroup (Chairman Alvernhe Martine, France Telecom) based on a contribution from Germany. There Were aussi initial discussions in the Subgroup WP3 network aspects Chaired by Jan Audestad (Telenor). The result WAS Approved by the main GSM group in a June '85 WAS Distributed Which document to Industry. [11] The input documents are SMS HAD Been Prepared by Friedhelm Hillebrand (Deutsche Telekom) with contributions from Bernard Ghillebaert (France Telecom).
SMS WAS Considered in the main GSM group as a service as possible for the new digital cellular system. In GSM document "Services and Facilities to Be Provided in the GSM System", [2] Both Mobile Originated and Mobile-terminated short-messages appears on the table of GSM teleservices.
The discussions on the GSM services Were Concluded in the recommendation GSM 02.03 "TeleServices Supported by a GSM PLMN." [12] Here a description of the Three Rudimentary Service was Given:
Short message Mobile Terminated (SMS-MT) / Point-to-Point: the Ability of a network to a short message transmitted to a mobile phone. The message feels Can Be by phone or by a software application.
Short message Mobile Originated (SMS-MO) / Point-to-Point: the Ability of a network to a short message transmitted by a mobile phone feels. The message Can Be Sent to a phone or to a software application.
Short message Cell Broadcast.
The material elaborated in GSM WP1 and Its Subgroup WAS handed over in Spring 1987 to a new GSM body called Set IDEG (the Implementation of Data and Telematic Services Experts Group), Which HAD ITS kickoff in May 1987 Under the Chairmanship of Friedhelm Hillebrand (German Telecom ). The technical standard Known Today Was Largely created by IDEG (later WP4) as the GSM recommendations 03.40 Two (The Two point-to-point services merged together) and GSM 03.41 (cell broadcast).
WP4 created a Drafting Group Message Handling (DGMH) Which WAS Responsible for the specification of SMS. Finn Trosby of Telenor Group Chaired the draft-through icts first three years, Which in the design of SMS WAS ESTABLISHED. HAD DGMH about five to eight participants, and Finn Trosby mentions as major contributors Kevin Holley, Eija Altonen, Didier Luizard and Alan Cox. The first action plan [13] mentions for the first time the Technical Specification 03.40 "Technical Realisation of the Short Message Service". Responsible editor WAS Trosby Finn. The first and very Rudimentary draft technical specification of the WAS Completed in November 1987. [14] However, the drafts for Useful Manufacturers Followed at a training in the Later Period. A comprehensive description of the work in this période IS Given in [15].
The work on the draft specification in the Following Continued FEW years, Where Kevin Holley of Cellnet (now O2 Telefonica UK) Played a Leading Role. Beside the completion of the main specification GSM 03.40, the protocol Detailed specifications on the system interfaces needed to Be Completed aussi.[Edit] Support in Other architectures
The Mobile Application Part (MAP) of the SS7 protocol included support for the transport of Short Messages Through the Core Network from ITS inception. [16] MAP Phase 2 expanded support for SMS by Introducing A Separate operation code for Mobile Terminated Short Message transport. [17] Since Phase 2, There Have Been No changes to the Short Message operation packages in MAP, although operation Other packages Have Been Enhanced to support CAMEL SMS control.
From 3GPP Releases 99 and 4 onwards, CAMEL Phase 3 Introduced the Ability for the Intelligent Network (IN) to control aspects of the Mobile Originated Short Message Service, [18] while CAMEL Phase 4, as Part of 3GPP Release 5 and onwards, provider the IN with the Ability to control the Mobile Terminated service. [19] allow the CAMEL gsmSCP to block the submission (MO) or delivery (MT) of Short Messages, route messages to destinations Other than that specified by the user, real and Performance -time billing for the use of the service. Prior to CAMEL Standardized control of the Short Message Service, IN control relied on Switch Vendor Specific extensions to the Intelligent Network Application Part (INAP) of SS7.[Edit] Early implementations
The first SMS message [20] WAS feels over the Vodafone GSM network in the United Kingdom on 3 December 1992, from Neil Papworth of Sema Group (now Mavenir Systems) using a personal computer to Richard Jarvis of Vodafone using year Orbitel 901 handset. The text of the message Was "Merry Christmas" [21].
The first commercial deployment of a short message service center (SMSC) by WAS Aldiscon share of Logica (now Acision of hand) with Telia (now TeliaSonera) in Sweden in 1993, [22] Followed by Fleet Call (now Nextel) [citation needed ] in the US, Telenor in Norway [citation needed] and BT Cellnet (now O2 UK) [citation needed] Later in 1993. All first installations of SMS notifications for network gateways Were Sent to mobile phones, to inform Usually of voice mail messages. The first SMS service was sold Commercially Offered to Consumers, as a person-to-person text messaging service by Radiolinja (now Elisa share of) in Finland in 1993. Most GSM mobile phone handsets early Did not support the Ability to send SMS text messages, and only the Nokia handset manufacturer WAS Whose total GSM phone line in 1993 Supported user-Sending of SMS text messages.
Initial slow growth WAS, with Customers in 1995 on average only 0.4 Sending messages per GSM customer per month. [23] One factor in the slow takeup of SMS operators WAS That Were slow to set up charging systems, Especially For Subscribers prepaid, and Eliminate Which WAS billing fraud by Changing SMSC settings can be Individual handsets to use the SMSC of Other operators [citation needed].
Over time, this issue WAS Eliminated by switch billing INSTEAD of billing at the SMSC and by new features to allow SMSC Within blocking of foreign mobile users Sending message through it. By the end of 2000, the average number of messages Reached 35 per user per month, [23] and by Christmas Day 2006, over 205 million messages in the UK Were feels alone [24].
It est aussi Alleged That The Fact That roaming Customers, in the early days, rarely Received SMSs After Their bills for holidays Abroad Had a boost on text messaging as an alternative to voice calls annually. [Citation needed][Edit] Text messaging outside GSM
WAS SMS Originally Designed as Part of GSM, But Is now available on a wide range of networks, Including 3G networks. However, not all text messaging systems use SMS, and Some notable alternative implementations of the concept include J-Phone and NTT Docomo's SkyMail's Short Mail, Both in Japan. E-mail messaging from phones, as popularized by NTT Docomo's i-mode and the RIM BlackBerry, aussi Typically uses standard mail protocols Such as SMTP over TCP / IP.[Edit] SMS today
In 2008, 4.1 trillion SMS text messages Were feels. SMS HAS Become a massive commercial industrie, worth over $ 81 one billion Globally as of 2006. [25] The overall average price for year SMS message is $ 0.11, while mobile networks charge Each Other interconnect fees of at least $ 0.04 When connecting Between different phone networks. [citation needed]
nitially conceptSMS messages monthly feels in United States (one billion)
The Idea of Adding text messaging to the services of mobile users Was Not frequent in Many Communities of mobile communication services at the Beginning of the 1980s. The first action plan of the CEPT GSM Group, Approved in December 1982, requested "The services and facilities Offered in the Public Switched Telephone Network and public data networks ... Should Be available in the mobile system." [5] This target includes the exchange of text messages Either Directly Between mobile stations, or via Transmitted Message Handling Systems Widely in use Since The Beginning of the 1980s [6].
The SMS concept WAS Developed in the Franco-Germanic GSM cooperation in 1984 by Friedhelm Hillebrand and Bernard Ghillebaert. [7] The innovation in SMS is short. The IS optimized for mobile telephony, Since This Was Identified as STC hand application. The key idea for WAS to use this SMS-optimized telephony system, and to transport signaling messages on the paths needed to control the telephony traffic DURING Time Period When no signaling traffic Existed. In this way, unused resources in the system Could Be Used to transport messages at minimal cost. However, It Was Necessary to limit the length of the messages to 128 bytes (later Improved to 140 bytes, or 160 seven-bit characters) so the messages That Could did Into the Existing signaling formats.
This concept SMS Allowed To Be Implemented In Every mobile station by updating software icts. This instrumental concept for the WAS implementation of SMS in Every mobile station ever Produced in Every network and from early days. Hence, a large base of terminals and networks can SMS Existed When The users Began to Utilize the SMS. [8] A new network element required Specialized Was a short message service center, and enhancements to the radio Were required network capacity and transport infrastructure to Accommodate Growing SMS traffic.[Edit] Early development
The technical development of SMS Was a multinational collaboration Supporting the Framework of Standards Bodies, Through These organisms and the technology available to Freely Was Made The Whole World. This is Supported by evidence and Described in the Following sections [9].
The first Proposal Which Initiated the development of SMS Was Made by a contribution of France and Germany Into the GSM group meeting in Oslo in February 1985. [10] This Proposal WAS Further elaborated in GSM WP1 Services Subgroup (Chairman Alvernhe Martine, France Telecom) based on a contribution from Germany. There Were aussi initial discussions in the Subgroup WP3 network aspects Chaired by Jan Audestad (Telenor). The result WAS Approved by the main GSM group in a June '85 WAS Distributed Which document to Industry. [11] The input documents are SMS HAD Been Prepared by Friedhelm Hillebrand (Deutsche Telekom) with contributions from Bernard Ghillebaert (France Telecom).
SMS WAS Considered in the main GSM group as a service as possible for the new digital cellular system. In GSM document "Services and Facilities to Be Provided in the GSM System", [2] Both Mobile Originated and Mobile-terminated short-messages appears on the table of GSM teleservices.
The discussions on the GSM services Were Concluded in the recommendation GSM 02.03 "TeleServices Supported by a GSM PLMN." [12] Here a description of the Three Rudimentary Service was Given:
Short message Mobile Terminated (SMS-MT) / Point-to-Point: the Ability of a network to a short message transmitted to a mobile phone. The message feels Can Be by phone or by a software application.
Short message Mobile Originated (SMS-MO) / Point-to-Point: the Ability of a network to a short message transmitted by a mobile phone feels. The message Can Be Sent to a phone or to a software application.
Short message Cell Broadcast.
The material elaborated in GSM WP1 and Its Subgroup WAS handed over in Spring 1987 to a new GSM body called Set IDEG (the Implementation of Data and Telematic Services Experts Group), Which HAD ITS kickoff in May 1987 Under the Chairmanship of Friedhelm Hillebrand (German Telecom ). The technical standard Known Today Was Largely created by IDEG (later WP4) as the GSM recommendations 03.40 Two (The Two point-to-point services merged together) and GSM 03.41 (cell broadcast).
WP4 created a Drafting Group Message Handling (DGMH) Which WAS Responsible for the specification of SMS. Finn Trosby of Telenor Group Chaired the draft-through icts first three years, Which in the design of SMS WAS ESTABLISHED. HAD DGMH about five to eight participants, and Finn Trosby mentions as major contributors Kevin Holley, Eija Altonen, Didier Luizard and Alan Cox. The first action plan [13] mentions for the first time the Technical Specification 03.40 "Technical Realisation of the Short Message Service". Responsible editor WAS Trosby Finn. The first and very Rudimentary draft technical specification of the WAS Completed in November 1987. [14] However, the drafts for Useful Manufacturers Followed at a training in the Later Period. A comprehensive description of the work in this période IS Given in [15].
The work on the draft specification in the Following Continued FEW years, Where Kevin Holley of Cellnet (now O2 Telefonica UK) Played a Leading Role. Beside the completion of the main specification GSM 03.40, the protocol Detailed specifications on the system interfaces needed to Be Completed aussi.[Edit] Support in Other architectures
The Mobile Application Part (MAP) of the SS7 protocol included support for the transport of Short Messages Through the Core Network from ITS inception. [16] MAP Phase 2 expanded support for SMS by Introducing A Separate operation code for Mobile Terminated Short Message transport. [17] Since Phase 2, There Have Been No changes to the Short Message operation packages in MAP, although operation Other packages Have Been Enhanced to support CAMEL SMS control.
From 3GPP Releases 99 and 4 onwards, CAMEL Phase 3 Introduced the Ability for the Intelligent Network (IN) to control aspects of the Mobile Originated Short Message Service, [18] while CAMEL Phase 4, as Part of 3GPP Release 5 and onwards, provider the IN with the Ability to control the Mobile Terminated service. [19] allow the CAMEL gsmSCP to block the submission (MO) or delivery (MT) of Short Messages, route messages to destinations Other than that specified by the user, real and Performance -time billing for the use of the service. Prior to CAMEL Standardized control of the Short Message Service, IN control relied on Switch Vendor Specific extensions to the Intelligent Network Application Part (INAP) of SS7.[Edit] Early implementations
The first SMS message [20] WAS feels over the Vodafone GSM network in the United Kingdom on 3 December 1992, from Neil Papworth of Sema Group (now Mavenir Systems) using a personal computer to Richard Jarvis of Vodafone using year Orbitel 901 handset. The text of the message Was "Merry Christmas" [21].
The first commercial deployment of a short message service center (SMSC) by WAS Aldiscon share of Logica (now Acision of hand) with Telia (now TeliaSonera) in Sweden in 1993, [22] Followed by Fleet Call (now Nextel) [citation needed ] in the US, Telenor in Norway [citation needed] and BT Cellnet (now O2 UK) [citation needed] Later in 1993. All first installations of SMS notifications for network gateways Were Sent to mobile phones, to inform Usually of voice mail messages. The first SMS service was sold Commercially Offered to Consumers, as a person-to-person text messaging service by Radiolinja (now Elisa share of) in Finland in 1993. Most GSM mobile phone handsets early Did not support the Ability to send SMS text messages, and only the Nokia handset manufacturer WAS Whose total GSM phone line in 1993 Supported user-Sending of SMS text messages.
Initial slow growth WAS, with Customers in 1995 on average only 0.4 Sending messages per GSM customer per month. [23] One factor in the slow takeup of SMS operators WAS That Were slow to set up charging systems, Especially For Subscribers prepaid, and Eliminate Which WAS billing fraud by Changing SMSC settings can be Individual handsets to use the SMSC of Other operators [citation needed].
Over time, this issue WAS Eliminated by switch billing INSTEAD of billing at the SMSC and by new features to allow SMSC Within blocking of foreign mobile users Sending message through it. By the end of 2000, the average number of messages Reached 35 per user per month, [23] and by Christmas Day 2006, over 205 million messages in the UK Were feels alone [24].
It est aussi Alleged That The Fact That roaming Customers, in the early days, rarely Received SMSs After Their bills for holidays Abroad Had a boost on text messaging as an alternative to voice calls annually. [Citation needed][Edit] Text messaging outside GSM
WAS SMS Originally Designed as Part of GSM, But Is now available on a wide range of networks, Including 3G networks. However, not all text messaging systems use SMS, and Some notable alternative implementations of the concept include J-Phone and NTT Docomo's SkyMail's Short Mail, Both in Japan. E-mail messaging from phones, as popularized by NTT Docomo's i-mode and the RIM BlackBerry, aussi Typically uses standard mail protocols Such as SMTP over TCP / IP.[Edit] SMS today
